Hydrogen- and hydroxyl-doped CsBr:Eu2+ storage phosphors were investigated by photostimulated luminescence (PSL) spectra, absorption spectra and PSL lifetime spectra. Hydrogen- and hydroxyl-doping plays an active role related to the trap centers in CsBr:Eu2+ storage phosphors. A sharp increase in the PSL yield was observed for non-hydroxyl-doped CsBr:Eu2+ annealed in 5%H2+95%Ar atmosphere. For hydroxyl-doped CsBr:Eu2+, the PSL lifetime (361 ns) is obviously shorter than that of typical CsBr:Eu2+ storage phosphors.