Erythrocyte-like hierarchical α-Fe2O3/Bi2WO6 nanocomposites were synthesized by a simple and convenient hydrothermal method. The composites were assembled from α-Fe2O3/Bi2WO6 nanoplates. The structures of α-Fe2O3/Bi2WO6 nanocomposites were characterized by XRD, TEM, BET and gas sensing properties toward xylene were investigated in detailed. The sensors based on self-assembled α-Fe2O3/Bi2WO6 nanoplates show much enhanced sensing performances to xylene than that of pure Bi2WO6. The sensing performance using 10 wt% α-Fe2O3/Bi2WO6 reaches the highest response (S = 13.5) for the detection of 100 ppm xylene. Significant enhancement of the response and selectivity to xylene can be attributed to the formation of heterostructure and the synergistic catalytic activity from α-Fe2O3 and surface decorated WO42–.

•An attractive strategy ofNO2-mediated complete mineralization of PFOA developed.•NO2 generated by the photolysis of nitrate aqueous solution (UV/Nitrate).•The feasibility of PFOA removal with NO2 confirmed by DFT calculations.•Prompted roles of hydroxyl radical scavengers explored for the degradation of PFOA.•Near-stoichiometry of fluorides release and high TOC removal efficiencies realized.Effective decomposition of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) has received increasing attention in recent years because of its global occurrence and resistance to most conventional treatment processes. In this study, the complete mineralization of PFOA was achieved by the UV-photolysis of nitrate aqueous solution (UV/Nitrate), where the in-situ generated nitrogen dioxide radicals (NO2) efficiently mediated the degradation of PFOA. In particular, when the twinborn hydroxyl radicals were scavenged, the production of more NO2 radicals realized the complete mineralization of PFOA. DFT calculations further confirm the feasibility of PFOA removal with NO2. Near-stoichiometric equivalents of fluoride released rather than the related intermediates were detected in solution after decomposition of PEOA, further demonstrating the complete degradation of PFOA. Possible PFOA degradation pathways were proposed on the basis of experimental results. This work offers an efficient strategy for the complete mineralization of perfluorinated chemicals, and also sheds light on the indispensable roles of nitrogen dioxide radicals for environmental pollutants removal.Download high-res image (258KB)Download full-size image

•The first smart integration of BiOINFs with molecularly imprinted Au nanoparticles–polypyrrole•MIP AuNPs–PPy not only as the recognition unit, but also with strong synergistic effects on the enhanced photocurrent•A highly sensitive and selective PEC sensing strategy developed for 2,4-D detectionA novel and highly sensitive visible-light photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensor for the detection of 2,4-D has been developed using a nanocomposite of molecularly imprinted gold nanoparticles-polypyrrole polymer (MIP) modified BiOI nanoflake arrays (BiOINFs) as a photoactive electrode (labeled as MIP@BiOINFs). Our results demonstrate that the smart combination of BiOINFs with MIP offers a high-performance photoactive sensing platform. It features the intrinsically excellent visible-light responsive properties of BiOI and prominent recognition ability from MIP. The designed MIP@BiOINF composite dramatically facilitates the PEC determination of 2,4-D. The detection limit for 2,4-D is found to be as low as about 0.04 ng mL− 1 (S/N = 3). Moreover, the resulting sensor could be used to detect 2,4-D in spiked soil samples.

•A sensitive, simple, and label-free capacitive sensor developed for the detection of OPs.•As-prepared sensor fabricated by alternate assembly of exfoliated LDH nanosheets and carboxymethyl-β-cyclodextrin.•Such a newly designed (LDH/CMCD)n multilayer film, combining the individual properties of CMCD and LDH nanosheets.•The first smart combination of LDH/CMCD LBL film and capacitive transduction.Novel organic–inorganic hybrid ultrathin films were fabricated by alternate assembly of cationic exfoliated Mg–Al-layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanosheets and carboxymethyl-β-cyclodextrin (CMCD) as a polyanion onto a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) via a layer-by-layer (LBL) approach. The multilayer films were then characterized by means of X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (IR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). These films were found to possess a long range stacking order in the normal direction of the substrate with a continuous and uniform morphology. Its electrochemical performance was systematically investigated. Our results demonstrate that such a newly designed (LDH/CMCD)n multilayer film, combining the individual properties of CMCD (a high supramolecule recognition and enrichment capability) together with LDH nanosheets (a rigid inorganic matrix), can be applied to a sensitive, simple, and label-free capacitive detection of acephatemet (AM). Molecular docking calculations further disclose that the selective sensing behavior toward AM may be attributed to the specific binding ability of CMCD to AM. Under the optimized conditions, the capacitive change of AM was proportional to its concentration ranging from 0.001 to 0.10 μg mL−1 and 0.1 to 0.8 μg mL−1 with a detection limit 0.6 ng mL−1 (S/N=3). Toward the goal for practical applications, this simple probe was further evaluated by monitoring AM in real samples.

•A new highly sensitive bifunctional electrochemical sensor developed.•As-prepared sensor fabricated by alternate assembly of HA and exfoliated LDH nanosheets.•Such a newly designed sensor combining the individual properties of HA and LDH nanosheets.•Simultaneous determination of pentachlorophenol and copper ions achieved.•Practical applications demonstrated in water samples.A new, highly sensitive bifunctional electrochemical sensor for the simultaneous determination of pentachlorophenol (PCP) and copper ions (Cu2+) has been developed, where organic–inorganic hybrid ultrathin films were fabricated by alternate assembly of humic acid (HA) and exfoliated Mg–Al-layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanosheets onto ITO substrates via a layer-by-layer (LBL) approach. The multilayer films were then characterized by means of UV–vis spectrometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscope (AFM). These films were found to have a relatively smooth surface with almost equal amounts of HA incorporated in each cycle. Its electrochemical performance was systematically investigated. Our results demonstrate that such a newly designed (LDH/HA)n multilayer films, combining the individual properties of HA (dual recognition ability for organic herbicides and metal ions) together with LDH nanosheets (a rigid inorganic matrix), can be applied to the simultaneous analysis of PCP and Cu(II) without interference from each other. The LBL assembled nanoarchitectures were further investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and infrared spectroscopy (IR), which provides insight for bifunctional sensing behavior. Under the optimized conditions, the detection limit was found to be as low as 0.4 nM PCP, well below the guideline value of PCP in drinking water (3.7 nM) set by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA), and 2.0 nM Cu2+, much below the guideline value (2.0 mg L−1, ~31.2 nM) from the World Health Organization (WHO), respectively. Toward the goal for practical applications, this simple and cost-effective probe was further evaluated by monitoring PCP and Cu(II) in water samples.

We developed a highly sensitive flow injection/amperometric biosensor for the detection of organophosphate pesticides (OPs) using layered double hydroxides (LDHs) as the immobilization matrix of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). LDHs provided a biocompatible microenvironment to keep the bioactivity of AChE, due to the intrinsic properties of LDHs (such as a regular structure, good mechanical, chemical and thermal stabilities, and swelling properties). By integrating the flow injection analysis (FIA) with amperometric detection, the resulting AChE-LDHs modified electrode greatly catalyzed the oxidation of the enzymatically generated thiocholine product, and facilitated the detection automation, thus increasing the detection sensitivity. The analytical conditions for the FIA/amperometric detection of OPs were optimized by using methyl parathion (MP) as a model. The inhibition of MP was proportional to its concentration ranging from 0.005 to 0.3 μg mL−1 and 0.3 to 4.0 μg mL−1 with a detection limit 0.6 ng mL−1 (S/N=3). The developed biosensor exhibited good reproducibility and acceptable stability.Highlights► LDHs as the immobilized matrix of enzyme. ► LDHs with swelling properties keep the bioactivity of LDHs well. ► Amperometric analysis coupled with flow-injection analysis. ► A highly sensitive biosensor for FIA/amperometric detection of OPs developed.

A highly sensitive and selective Hg(II) sensor has been developed by using layered titanate nanosheets (TNs) as an enhanced sensing platform. The TNs with exchangeable sodium cations located in the interlayer are prepared by a facile hydrothermal route. The as-formed sodium titanate nanosheets (Na-TNs) exhibit a porous nanoarchitectured network. The surface structure and electrochemical performance were systematically investigated. Such a nanostructured TNs-based platform, as a typical cation-exchange material, is highly efficient to capture Hg2+, which dramatically facilitates the enrichment of Hg2+ onto their surface and realizes the stripping voltammetric detection of mercury ions with a remarkably improved sensitivity and selectivity. The detection limit was found to be as low as 5 ppt (S/N = 3), much below the guideline value from the World Health Organization (WHO). The interference from other heavy metal ions such as Cd2+, Mn2+, Ni2+, Pb2+ and Cu2+ ions associated with mercury analysis could be effectively inhibited. Toward the goal for practical applications, the sensor was further evaluated by monitoring Hg(II) in real mushroom samples.

A nanofibrous network-like CaCO3–chi (CaCO3–chi NFs) composite has been successfully fabricated in a simple and controllable approach based on one-step electrodeposition. Results confirm that chitosan can behave as a structure-directing agent during the formation of the CaCO3–chi composite coating, playing an important role. The as-formed CaCO3–chi NFs were observed to be covered by multiple small nanoparticles (NPs) with an average diameter of ∼25 nm. These uniform NPs were aligned along the surface of NFs, constructing a 3D hierarchically interlaced network. Cytocompatibility of these NFs was evaluated by cell morphology and a MTT assay by culturing MC3T3 cells. The results show that the composite coating of CaCO3–chi NFs featuring interconnected pores, loose 3D assembly, large surface area, and high mechanical strength, possess excellent cytocompatibility, greatly facilitating cell adhesion and proliferation. Our research demonstrates that the composite of CaCO3–chi NFs can be fabricated in an easy manner, i.e. electrolysis induced biomineralization, and act as a promising scaffold for tissue engineering applications.

This paper proposed a facile electrochemical approach to the synthesis of high quality zirconia nanoparticles decorated graphene nanosheets (labeled as ZrO2NPs-GNs) onto a cathodic substrate. This facile one-step co-electrodeposition approach for the construction of GNs based hybrid is environmentally friendly, without involving the chemical reduction of GO, and therefore will not result in further contamination. The electrochemically synthesized ZrO2NPs-GNs composite has been carefully characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and various electrochemical techniques. Such a nanostructured composite, combining the advantages of ZrO2NPs (high recognition and enrichment capability for phosphoric moieties) together with GNs (large surface area and high conductivity), is highly efficient to capture organophosphate pesticides (OPs). Combined with the square-wave voltammetry, a highly sensitive enzymeless OPs sensor was fabricated using the prepared ZrO2NPs-GNs composite as solid phase extraction (SPE). The detection limit for methyl parathion (MP) in aqueous solutions was determined to be of 0.6 ng mL−1 (S/N = 3). This work provides a green and facile route for the preparation of GNs-based hybrid, and also offers a new promising protocol for OPs analysis.

A new, highly sensitive and selective biosensor for the photoelectrochemical (PEC) detection of organophosphate pesticides (OPs) has been developed, whereby newly synthesized crossed bismuth oxyiodide (BiOI) nanoflake arrays (BiOINFs) are fabricated as a photoactive electrode via a successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) approach. The smart integration of BiOINFs with biomolecules acetylcholinesterase (AChE) yields a novel AChE–BiOINFs hybrid, constructing a three-dimensional (3D) porous network biosensing platform. The composition and surface structure of the sensor were carefully characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and various electrochemical techniques. Such interlaced network architectures, providing better mass transport and allowing more AChE loading per unit area, as well as the intrinsically strong visible light-harvesting effect from BiOI, greatly facilitate the PEC responses. On the basis of the effect of OPs on the photocurrent of AChE–BiOINFs/ITO, a highly sensitive visible light-activated photoelectrochemical biosensor was developed for biosensing OPs. The conditions for OPs detection were optimized by using methyl parathion (MP) as a model OP compound. Under the optimized experimental conditions, our results show that such a newly designed AChE–BiOINFs/ITO photoactive electrode provides remarkably improved sensitivity and selectivity for the biosensing of OPs. The detection limit was found to be as low as about 0.04 ng mL−1 (S/N=3). Toward the goal for practical applications, the resulting sensor was further evaluated by monitoring MP in spiked vegetable samples, showing fine applicability for the detection of MP in real samples.Highlights► Newly synthesized crossed BiOI nanoflake arrays fabricated as a photoactive electrode. ► The first smart integration of BiOINFs with acetylcholinesterase. ► A highly sensitive and selective biosensor for PEC detection of OPs developed.

Magnetically driven separation technology has received considerable attention in recent decade for its great potential application. In this work, hierarchically structured magnetite-carbonaceous microspheres (Fe3O4-C MSs) have been synthesized for the adsorption of heavy metal ions from aqueous solution. Each sphere contains numerous unique rattle-type structured magnetic particles, realizing the integration of rattle-type building unit into microspheres. The as-prepared composites with high BET surface area, hierarchical as well as mesoporous structures, exhibit an excellent adsorption capacity for heavy metal ions and a convenient separation procedure with the help of an external magnet. It was found that the maximum adsorption capacity of the composite toward Pb2+ was ∼126 mg g−1, displaying a high efficiency for the removal of heavy metal ions. The Freundlich adsorption isotherm was applicable to describe the removal processes. Kinetics of the Pb2+ removal was found to follow pseudo-second-order rate equation. The as-prepared composite of Fe3O4-C MSs as well as Pb2+-adsorbed composite were carefully examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Zeta potential measurements, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), nitrogen sorption measurements, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Based on the characterization results, a possible mechanism of Pb2+ removal with the composite of Fe3O4-C MSs was proposed.Highlights► Hierarchical Fe3O4/C microspheres prepared in large quantities by an easy method. ► High capability to remove heavy metal ions from waste water by magnetic separation. ► Composite of Fe3O4-C MSs before and after adsorption characterized by SEM, BET, FTIR, and XPS.

Novel nanowall arrays of CaCO3–chitosan (CaCO3–chi) were deposited onto a cathodic substrate by a facile one-step electrodeposition approach. Results demonstrate that chitosan plays an important role in the formation of nanowall arrays. Freestanding well-aligned CaCO3–chi nanowall arrays were observed to be uniformly distributed over the whole substrate with a lateral dimension in the micrometre size and an average pore size of ∼400 nm. The as-formed CaCO3–chi nanowall arrays featuring interlaced porous network architecture, large surface area, and open boundaries, are highly efficient in the capture of organophosphate pesticides (OPs). Combined with stripping voltammetry, a highly sensitive non-enzymatic OPs sensor was fabricated using the prepared CaCO3–chi nanowall arrays for solid phase extraction (SPE). The detection limit for methyl parathion (MP) in aqueous solutions was determined to be 0.8 ng mL−1 (S/N = 3). The resulting sensor made of novel CaCO3–chi nanowall arrays exhibits good reproducibility and acceptable stability. This work not only provides a facile and effective route for the preparation of CaCO3–chi nanowall arrays, but also offers a new promising protocol for OPs analysis.

We report on the efficient removal of heavy metal ions from simulated wastewater with a nanostructured assembly. The nanoassembly was obtained via direct assembling the performed anisotropic layered double hydroxide nanocrystals (LDH-NCs) onto the surface of carbon nanospheres (labeled as LDH-NCs@CNs). It was found that the maximum adsorption capacity of the nanoassembly toward Cu2+ was ∼19.93 mg g–1 when the initial Cu2+ concentration was 10.0 mg L–1, displaying a high efficiency for the removal of heavy metal ions. The Freundlich adsorption isotherm was applicable to describe the removal processes. Kinetics of the Cu2+ removal was found to follow pseudo-second-order rate equation. Furthermore, the as-prepared building unit of the assembly, including LDH-NCs, CNs, and the assembly, as well as Cu2+-adsorbed assembly, were carefully examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), nitrogen sorption measurements, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Based on the characterization results, a possible mechanism of Cu2+ removal with the assembly of LDH-NCs@CNs was proposed. Comparison experiments show that the adsorption capacity of the resulting LDH-NCs@CNs assembly was much higher than its any building unit alone (CNs or LDH-NCs), exhibiting the deliberation of the assembly on water decontamination. This work provides a very efficient, fast and convenient approach for exploring promising nanoassembly materials for water treatment.

A sensitive enzymeless organophosphate pesticides (OPs) sensor is fabricated by using Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) decorated graphene nanosheets (GNs) modified glassy carbon electrode as solid phase extraction (SPE). Such a nanostructured composite film, combining the advantages of AuNPs with two dimensional GNs, dramatically facilitates the enrichment of nitroaromatic OPs onto the surface and realizes their stripping voltammetric detection of OPs by using methyl parathion (MP) as a model. The stripping voltammetric performances of captured MP were evaluated by cyclic voltammetric and square-wave voltammetric analysis. The combination of the nanoassembly of AuNPs-GNs, SPE, and stripping voltammetry provides a fast, simple, and sensitive electrochemical method for detecting nitroaromatic OPs. The stripping analysis is highly linear over the MP concentration ranges of 0.001–0.1and 0.2–1.0 μg mL−1 with a detection limit of 0.6 ng mL−1. This designed enzymeless sensor exhibits good reproducibility and acceptable stability.

A new, highly sensitive and selective sensor for the electrochemical assay of Hg(II) by anodic stripping voltammetry has been developed, whereby a glassy carbon electrode is modified with a novel inorganic−organic hybrid nanocomposite, namely, bimetallic Au−Pt nanoparticles/organic nanofibers (labeled as Au−PtNPs/NFs). The sensor possesses a three-dimensional (3D) porous network nanoarchitecture, in which the bimetallic Au−Pt NPs serving as metal NP-based microelectrode ensembles are homogenously distributed in the matrix of interlaced organic NFs. The surface structure and composition of the sensor were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Its electrochemical performance was systematically investigated. Our results show that such a newly designed, Au−PtNPs/NF nanohybrid modified electrode provides remarkably improved sensitivity and selectivity for the stripping assay of Hg(II). The detection limit is found to be as low as 0.008 ppb (S/N = 3) that is much below the guideline value from the World Health Organization (WHO). Interferences from other heavy metal ions such as Cu(II), Cr(III), Co(II), Fe(II), Zn(II), and Mn(II) ions associated with mercury analysis are effectively inhibited. Toward the goal for practical applications, the sensor was further evaluated by monitoring Hg(II) in tap and river water specimens.

We developed a simple strategy for designing a sensitive electrochemical stripping voltammetric sensor for organophosphate pesticides (OPs) based on solid-phase extraction (SPE) using nanosized Pt intercalated Ni/Al layered double hydroxides (labeled as NanoPt-LDHs). By assembling NanoPt with LDHs together, the resulting NanoPt-LDHs are highly efficient to capture OPs. It dramatically facilitates the enrichment of OPs onto their surface and realizes the sensitive stripping voltammetric detection of methyl parathion (MP) as a model of OPs. The stripping analysis shows highly linear over MP concentration ranges of 0.001–0.15 and 0.3–1.0 μg mL− 1 with a detection limit of 0.6 ng mL–1 (S/N = 3). The combination of NanoPt, LDHs, SPE, and square-wave voltammetry (SWV) provides a fast, simple, and sensitive electrochemical method for OPs.

A new conjugated metal−organic framework based on 2,2′,4,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic acid with a uninodal five-connected hexagonal boron nitride net (bnn) was synthesized, which represented the first example of metal−organic frameworks capable of adsorbing a trace level of organophosphate pestcide for efficient detection via stripping voltammetric analysis. A detection limit of 0.006 μg·mL−1 was obtained with the calculation based on a signal−noise ratio equal to 3.

Three-dimensional chitosan self-assembled nanostructures are reported whose morphology can be adjusted by tuning of the processing parameters, including the rate of solvent removal, the surface roughness of the substrate, and the polarity of the solvent used. Upon this, chitosan nanostructures of more interesting morphology and even higher complexity can be prepared, which can serve as nanotemplates for subsequent biomineralization of calcium carbonate, leading to controllable three-dimensional biominerals having the same complex morphology as that exhibited by the self-assembled chitosan nanotemplates.Keywords: biomineralization; calcium carbonate; chitosan; self-assembly

This work reports on a novel nanosized calcium carbonate–chitosan (nanoCaCO3–chi) composite film fabricated by a one-step co-electrodeposition method. The generated nanoCaCO3-based matrix possessed a three-dimensional (3D) porous, network-like structure, providing a favorable and biocompatible microenvironment to immobilize enzyme. By using such a composite film as enzyme immobilization matrix, a highly sensitive and stable acetylcholinesterase (AChE) sensor was achieved for determination of methyl parathion as a model of organophosphate pesticides (OPs) compounds. The inhibition of methyl parathion was proportional to its concentration ranging from 0.005–0.2 to 0.75–3.75 μg mL−1. The detection limit was found to be as low as 1 ng mL−1 (S/N = 3). The designed biosensor exhibited good reproducibility and acceptable stability.

A sensitive electrochemical stripping voltammetric biosensor is designed for organophosphate pesticides (OPs) based on solid-phase extraction (SPE) using Ni/Al layered double hydroxides (LDHs) modified glassy carbon electrode (labeled as Ni/Al-LDHs/GCE). The Ni/Al-LDHs as the host are highly efficient to capture OPs, which dramatically facilitates the enrichment of nitroaromatic OPs onto their surface and realizes the stripping voltammetric detection of OPs. The stripping voltammetric performances of methyl parathion (MP) intercalated into LDHs were evaluated by cyclic voltammetric and square-wave voltammetric (SWV) analysis. The combination of the host–guest supramolecular structure, SPE, and stripping voltammetry provides a fast, simple, and sensitive electrochemical method for detecting nitroaromatic OPs by using MP as a model. The stripping analysis is linear over the MP concentration ranges of 0.001–0.1 and 0.2–1.0 μg mL−1 with a detection limit of 0.6 ng mL−1 (S/N = 3). The developed biosensor exhibits good reproducibility and acceptable stability. This study offers a new promising protocol for OPs analysis.

We developed a simple strategy for designing a highly sensitive electrochemical biosensor for organophosphate pesticides (OPs) based on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) immobilized onto Au nanoparticles–polypyrrole nanowires composite film modifid glassy carbon electrode (labeled as AChE–Au–PPy/GCE). Where, the generated Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) were homogenously distributed onto the interlaced PPy nanowires (PPy NWs) matrix, constructing a three-dimensional porous network. This network-like nanocomposite not only provided a biocompatible microenvironment to keep the bioactivity of AChE, but also exhibited a strong synergetic effect on improving the sensing properties of OPs. The combination of AuNPs and PPyNWs greatly catalyzed the oxidation of the enzymatically generated thiocholine product, thus increasing the detection sensitivity. On the basis of the inhibition of OPs on the enzymatic activity of AChE, the conditions for OPs detection were optimized by using methyl parathion as a model OP compound. The inhibition of methyl parathion was proportional to its concentration ranging from 0.005 to 0.12 and 0.5 to 4.5 μg mL−1. The detection limit was 2 ng mL−1. The developed biosensor exhibited good reproducibility and acceptable stability. This study provides a new promise tool for analysis of organophosphate pesticides.

•A rapid and highly sensitive PEC sensor developed for TPhP detection.•Molecularly imprinted electrospun nanofibers fabricated as the recognition unit.•The first smart integration of MI-ESNFs with BiOINFs yielding a novel PEC sensing probe.•The resulting sensor exhibiting fine applicability for detection of TPhP in real samples.Triphenyl Phosphate (TPhP), as a typical model of organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs), has been regarded as emerging environmental contaminants of health concern. In this study, a rapid and highly sensitive visible-light-response PEC sensor has been developed for the detection of Triphenyl Phosphate (TPhP) using electrospun template directed molecularly imprinted nanofibers modified BiOI nanoflake arrays (BiOINFs) as a photoactive electrode. The molecularly imprinted electrospun nanofibers (labeled as MI-ESNFs) were carefully characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV spectra, FTIR spectra measurements and various electrochemical techniques. Under the optimized experimental conditions, the photoelectrochemical response was linearly proportional to the logarithm value of TPhP concentrations in the range of 0.01 ng mL−1 to 500 ng mL−1. Meanwhile, the sensor exhibited high selectivity and stability.