The reversible combination between gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and carriers is crucial for the preparation of a recycle system. Here, a repairable catalytic system was constructed on the basis of AuNPs and porous nickel (PNi) which were combined through the multivalent host–guest interactions between βCD-AuNPs and PNi@IPTS-Azo [β-CD, β-cyclodextrin; IPTS, (3-isocyanatopropyl) triethoxysilane; Azo, azobenzene]. The large specific surface area and connected porous structure of PNi provide a good opportunity to achieve the multivalent interactions between βCD-AuNPs and PNi@IPTS-Azo in the nickel. Additionally, the reaction solution could be catalyzed by flowing over the PNi@IPTS-Azo@βCD-AuNPs substrates. This catalytic model showed a high efficiency close to 95%. Because of the reversible host–guest interactions between β-cyclodextrin and azobenzene, the catalytic system could be regenerated by removing the deactivated AuNPs with UV-light irradiation and recombining new ones through multivalent interactions in situ. This type of catalytic system is regenerative, material-saving, and effective. This system could be expected to be constructed as catalytic fixed beds and applied in industry.Keywords: Catalytic bed; Continuous-flow; Gold nanoparticle; Multivalent host−guest interactions; Repairability;

•A large-scale and flexible conductive Cu-Ag pattern was prepared.•Highly conductivity (7.84×10−7 Ω cm) was obtained without sintering.•All the process is at room temperature and suit for any heat sensitive substrate.•The idea was based on “volume additive process on demand” theory.•This idea could be expanded to other conductive pattern fabrication methods.In this paper, a two-step method to fabricate a large-scale flexible conductive pattern via direct photo-patterning and “volume additive process on demand” theory was developed. The copper pattern was formed on the surface of the flexible substrate directly by photo-reduction. However, the copper pattern was not conductive due to the discontinuous structure. Fusion growth of particles was achieved via the “volume additive process on demand” to realize the pattern conductivity without sintering. This method is simple, efficient, low-cost and environmentally friendly, especially for heat sensitive substrate to fabricate large-scale conductive pattern. In addition, “volume additive process on demand” theory could be extended to other preparation methods of metal pattern, such as inkjet printing, to meet the new requirement of electronic industry in the future.

•It is very facile and fast method for the preparation of superhydrophobic surface.•The microstructure of the coating can be controlled by the content of solvent.•The method is also applicable to the other substrates in addition to glass, such as polyethylene glycol terephthalate film.In this work, one superhydrophobic surface was facilely achieved by one-step photopolymerization of tridecafluorooctyl acrylate (G06C) with solvent. The superhydrophobic property was created by the combination of low surface energy material polytridecafluorooctyl acrylate and the rough structure created by the solvent evaporation. The roughness of polytridecafluorooctyl acrylate (PG06C) coating was determined by the content of solvent.

•Ca2 + in the polymer scaffold acted as “ion glue”, bridging the interfaces between inorganic minerals and organic polymer.Composite scaffolds, especially polymer/calcium phosphate composite scaffolds with porous structures are promising materials for bone tissue engineering. Depositing minerals on the surface of polymer scaffolds is a general method however, attachment between inorganic minerals and organic polymeric is a big challenge, because of the absence of strong interactions between the interfaces. In this work, polymer/calcium phosphate composite scaffolds with good attachment were fabricated through introduction of calcium and alternate mineralization. Calcium methacrylate was polymerized into the polymer scaffold and calcium acted as “ion glue” endowing the polymer/calcium phosphate composite good interfacial interaction. After alternate mineralization, the surface of polymer scaffold with calcium was coated with plate-like minerals which attached to polymer well and composite scaffold preserved the porous morphology. The results demonstrated that the concept of “ion glue” provided an option for the improvement of attachment between inorganic minerals and organic polymer. The results also indicated that the good attachment of minerals with polymer scaffolds enhanced the mechanical properties and improved the cell attachment of the polymer scaffolds.

In this research, the cationic photopolymerization of 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether was found to have an infinitely long induction period due to the sustained stability of the secondary oxonium ions species at low temperature. Based on this, the system could be separated into two steps: photolysis of the photoinitiator without polymerization under irradiation and polymerization in the dark. Under irradiation, only the secondary oxonium ion species was generated at low temperature, whereas the polymerization could proceed and auto-accelerate at room temperature without irradiation. The two steps could be monitored by a significant change of the temperature. The temperature controlled cationic mechanism resolved the issue of light penetration in colored thick composites. Through temperature control, the infinitely thick and dark material could be prepared by cationic photopolymerization.

Microscale and nanoscale magnetic objects can be driven and assembled in defined locations efficiently and rapidly in magnetic fields. In this study, we present a strategy to fabricate flexible electronic circuits using non-contact magnetic printing and a volume additive substitution reaction. The process involves assembling iron nanoparticles in designated fields in the magnetic field, thereby forming patterns of iron nanoparticles. Thereafter, the nanoparticles were fused together by converting the iron nanoparticles to silver through an Fe–Ag replacement reaction. A silver flexible electronic circuit was fabricated conveniently through this process. Using this approach, flexible electronic circuits with double-sided conductive patterns could be prepared. This method provides a general and highly effective approach to fabricate various conductive silver patterns on flexible materials, such as paper, PI, PET, and others.

Tough hydrogels are prepared from two monomers via photopolymerization of hydroxyethyl acrylate and sol–gel of methyltrimethoxysilane. Constitution and water content could be tuned easily because of the good water solubility of both monomers and two non-interfering polymerization processes. The hydrogels exhibit excellent integrated performance with toughness, high resilience, fast self-recovery, and self-healing.

•The whole film (80 μm thickness) was investigated by using CRM, the double bond conversion of every depth was calculated too.•The concentration of initiator and oxygen in the surface layers greatly infect the double bond conversion at different depth.•The stronger light intensity an light dosage effectively improve the ability of preventing oxygen-inhibition.•Higher light dosage bring more cracking of initiator, more free radicals can initiate double bond polymerization.The oxygen inhibition in free radical photo-polymerization is one of the big issues, because it causes the incomplete double bond conversion (DBC) of the (meth)acrylate, especially on the surface which decreases the mechanical properties of the coatings. Until now, it is still difficult to measure the effect of oxygen, because the concentration of oxygen inside the coatings depends on the penetration of oxygen and the distance from surface exposed the air. In this research, laser Con-focus RAMAN Spectroscopy was used to investigate the double bond conversion in different distance from the surface of coatings, which could provide detail information of effect of oxygen concentration on double bond conversion. At the same time, the effect of light dosage and concentration of photo-initiators on double bond conversion was investigated as well. This data could guide the end use of UV coatings to overcome the oxygen inhibition.

Dual reversible surfaces with pH and light responsive properties were prepared via two-stage photopolymerization by grafting dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) and 2-methyl-4-phenylazo acrylate (MPA-Azo) on a substrate. The wettability of the modified surface could be reversibly controlled because of the protonation and deprotonation of DMAEMA at different pH values and the photoisomerization of MPA-Azo under UV irradiation at different wavelengths. This facile two-stage photopolymerization method has potential applications in fabrication of various external stimuli-responsive surfaces in the future.

Superfine copper nanoparticles were synthesized through direct photoreduction of a high concentration of copper ions in an ethanol solution with a photoinitiator at room temperature in the presence of polyethylene imine (PEI). This synthetic method was very effective in decreasing the effect of copper ion concentration on copper particle size. The reaction process was monitored using UV-vis spectroscopy, and the obtained copper nanoparticles were investigated using transmission electron microscopy. The results show that PEI acted not only as a coordinating agent to the copper ion, but also as a polymer cage that reduced the chance of copper nanoparticle aggregation.

In this paper, a new photocoinitiator for free radical photopolymerization, belonging to the benzodioxole (BDO) derivatives, was synthesized and characterized, and the effect of phenyl at the 2-position of BDO was estimated. The structure of PhBDO was characterized by elemental analysis, 1H NMR and 13C NMR. Laser flash photolysis (LFP) and an electron spin resonance spin trapping technique (ESR-ST) were used to study the photochemical mechanisms. The rate of decomposition (Rd) of PhBDO in acetonitrile was studied by UV-Vis spectroscopy and the photopolymerization kinetics were monitored by real time Fourier Transform near-IR (FT-IR). The FT-IR results showed that the concentration of PhBDO and BP functionalities of the acrylates and the light intensity affected the polymerization rate and the final conversion. The results showed that the BP/PhBDO system had the same hydrogen abstraction mechanism and reactivity as the BP/BDO system. Consequently, PhBDO could also be an effective coinitiator.

Tough hydrogels are prepared from two monomers via photopolymerization of hydroxyethyl acrylate and sol–gel of methyltrimethoxysilane. Constitution and water content could be tuned easily because of the good water solubility of both monomers and two non-interfering polymerization processes. The hydrogels exhibit excellent integrated performance with toughness, high resilience, fast self-recovery, and self-healing.

Dual reversible surfaces with pH and light responsive properties were prepared via two-stage photopolymerization by grafting dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) and 2-methyl-4-phenylazo acrylate (MPA-Azo) on a substrate. The wettability of the modified surface could be reversibly controlled because of the protonation and deprotonation of DMAEMA at different pH values and the photoisomerization of MPA-Azo under UV irradiation at different wavelengths. This facile two-stage photopolymerization method has potential applications in fabrication of various external stimuli-responsive surfaces in the future.