Co-reporter:Eric R. Abbey ; Ashley N. Lamm ; Andrew W. Baggett ; Lev N. Zakharov ;Shih-Yuan Liu
Journal of the American Chemical Society 2013 Volume 135(Issue 34) pp:12908-12913
Publication Date(Web):August 6, 2013
DOI:10.1021/ja4073436
The protecting group-free synthesis of a versatile 1,2-azaborine synthon 5 is described. Previously inaccessible 1,2-azaborine derivatives, including the BN isostere of phenyl phenylacetate and BN1 triphenylmethane were prepared from 5 and characterized. The structural investigation of BN phenyl phenylacetate revealed the presence of a unique NH-carbonyl hydrogen bond that is not present in the corresponding carbonaceous analogue. The methyne CH in BN triphenylmethane was found to be less acidic than the corresponding proton in triphenylmethane. The gram-quantity synthesis of the parent 1,2-azaborine 4 was demonstrated, which enabled the characterization of its boiling point, density, refractive index, and its polarity on the ET(30) scale.
Co-reporter:Wei Luo, Doinita Neiner, Abhi Karkamkar, Kshitij Parab, Edward B. Garner III, David A. Dixon, Dean Matson, Tom Autrey and Shih-Yuan Liu
Dalton Transactions 2013 vol. 42(Issue 3) pp:611-614
Publication Date(Web):20 Sep 2012
DOI:10.1039/C2DT31617J
We provide detailed characterization of properties for 3-methyl-1,2-BN-cyclopentane 1 that are relevant to H2 storage applications such as viscosity, thermal stability, H2 gas stream purity, and polarity. The viscosity of 1 at room temperature is 25 ± 5 cP, about one fourth the viscosity of olive oil. TGA/MS analysis indicates that liquid carrier 1 is thermally stable at 30 °C but decomposes slowly at 50 °C. RGA data suggest that the H2 desorption from 1 is a clean process, producing relatively pure H2 gas. Compound 1 is a polar zwitterionic-type liquid consistent with theoretical predictions and solvatochromic studies.
Co-reporter:Eric R. Abbey and Shih-Yuan Liu
Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 2013 vol. 11(Issue 13) pp:2060-2069
Publication Date(Web):30 Jan 2013
DOI:10.1039/C3OB27436E
Indole is a heterocycle of great importance to biological systems and materials applications. Synthesis of indole and its derivatives has been a major focus of research for over a century. BN/CC isosterism is an emerging strategy for expanding the structural diversity of indole-based compounds. Two classes of BN indoles have been reported to date: the well-studied “external” BN indoles (or 1,3,2-benzodiazaborolines), and the recently reported “fused” BN indoles. This perspective presents the history of both classes of indole isosteres, with a general overview of their synthesis, functionalization, and properties.
Co-reporter:Dr. Senmiao Xu;Tanya C. Mikulas;Dr. Lev N. Zakharov;Dr. David A. Dixon; Shih-Yuan Liu
Angewandte Chemie 2013 Volume 125( Issue 29) pp:7675-7679
Publication Date(Web):
DOI:10.1002/ange.201302660
Co-reporter:Gregory P. Harlow, Lev N. Zakharov, Gang Wu, and Shih-Yuan Liu
Organometallics 2013 Volume 32(Issue 22) pp:6650-6653
Publication Date(Web):August 15, 2013
DOI:10.1021/om400697r
The reversible covalent binding of diols to an N-Bn 1,2-BN cyclohexane has been studied by 11B and 1H NMR spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The activation barrier for the reversible B–N Lewis acid–base interaction has been measured by variable-temperature NMR with bound (2R,3R)-(−)-2,3-butanediol (Tc = −40 °C, ΔG⧧ = 11.2 ± 0.2 kcal mol–1). Deuterium labeling experiments demonstrate that ligand exchange is reversible and rapid at room temperature, and competitive binding studies establish diol association as a thermodynamically controlled process.
Co-reporter:Daniel H. Knack;Jonathan L. Marshall;Gregory P. Harlow;Agnieszka Dudzik;Dr. Maciej Szaleniec;Dr. Shih-Yuan Liu;Dr. Johann Heider
Angewandte Chemie 2013 Volume 125( Issue 9) pp:2660-2662
Publication Date(Web):
DOI:10.1002/ange.201208351
Co-reporter:Gabriel E. Rudebusch;Dr. Lev N. Zakharov;Dr. Shih-Yuan Liu
Angewandte Chemie 2013 Volume 125( Issue 35) pp:9486-9489
Publication Date(Web):
DOI:10.1002/ange.201304443
Co-reporter:Daniel H. Knack;Jonathan L. Marshall;Gregory P. Harlow;Agnieszka Dudzik;Dr. Maciej Szaleniec;Dr. Shih-Yuan Liu;Dr. Johann Heider
Angewandte Chemie International Edition 2013 Volume 52( Issue 9) pp:2599-2601
Publication Date(Web):
DOI:10.1002/anie.201208351
Co-reporter:Gabriel E. Rudebusch;Dr. Lev N. Zakharov;Dr. Shih-Yuan Liu
Angewandte Chemie International Edition 2013 Volume 52( Issue 35) pp:9316-9319
Publication Date(Web):
DOI:10.1002/anie.201304443
Co-reporter:Dr. Senmiao Xu;Tanya C. Mikulas;Dr. Lev N. Zakharov;Dr. David A. Dixon; Shih-Yuan Liu
Angewandte Chemie International Edition 2013 Volume 52( Issue 29) pp:7527-7531
Publication Date(Web):
DOI:10.1002/anie.201302660
Co-reporter:Anna Chrostowska ; Senmiao Xu ; Ashley N. Lamm ; Audrey Mazière ; Christopher D. Weber ; Alain Dargelos ; Patrick Baylère ; Alain Graciaa ;Shih-Yuan Liu
Journal of the American Chemical Society 2012 Volume 134(Issue 24) pp:10279-10285
Publication Date(Web):May 22, 2012
DOI:10.1021/ja303595z
We present a comprehensive electronic structure analysis of structurally simple BN heterocycles using a combined UV-photoelectron spectroscopy (UV-PES)/computational chemistry approach. Gas-phase He I photoelectron spectra of 1,2-dihydro-1,2-azaborine 1, N-Me-1,2-BN-toluene 2, and N-Me-1,3-BN-toluene 3 have been recorded, assessed by density functional theory calculations, and compared with their corresponding carbonaceous analogues benzene and toluene. The first ionization energies of these BN heterocycles are in the order N-Me-1,3-BN-toluene 3 (8.0 eV) < N-Me-1,2-BN-toluene 2 (8.45 eV) < 1,2-dihydro-1,2-azaborine 1 (8.6 eV) < toluene (8.83 eV) < benzene (9.25 eV). The computationally determined molecular dipole moments are in the order 3 (4.577 D) > 2 (2.209 D) > 1 (2.154 D) > toluene (0.349 D) > benzene (0 D) and are consistent with experimental observations. The λmax in the UV–vis absorption spectra are in the order 3 (297 nm) > 2 (278 nm) > 1 (269 nm) > toluene (262 nm) > benzene (255 nm). We also establish that the measured anodic peak potentials and electrophilic aromatic substitution (EAS) reactivity of BN heterocycles 1–3 are consistent with the electronic structure description determined by the combined UV-PES/computational chemistry approach.
Co-reporter:Adam J. V. Marwitz, Ashley N. Lamm, Lev N. Zakharov, Monica Vasiliu, David A. Dixon and Shih-Yuan Liu
Chemical Science 2012 vol. 3(Issue 3) pp:825-829
Publication Date(Web):07 Nov 2011
DOI:10.1039/C1SC00500F
We report the synthesis, structural characterization, and optoelectronic properties of BN-Tolan 1 and Bis-BN-Tolan 2, one of the simplest conjugated systems containing the BN bond pair. BN-tolans 1 and 2 display absorption and emission properties that are distinct from their carbonaceous analogue, tolan. In addition, Bis-BN-Tolan 2 exhibits unique N–H⋯π(C≡C) hydrogen bonding in the solid state.
Co-reporter:Patrick G. Campbell;Dr. Adam J. V. Marwitz;Dr. Shih-Yuan Liu
Angewandte Chemie International Edition 2012 Volume 51( Issue 25) pp:
Publication Date(Web):
DOI:10.1002/anie.201203752
Co-reporter:Patrick G. Campbell;Dr. Adam J. V. Marwitz;Dr. Shih-Yuan Liu
Angewandte Chemie International Edition 2012 Volume 51( Issue 25) pp:6074-6092
Publication Date(Web):
DOI:10.1002/anie.201200063
Abstract
The chemistry of organoboron compounds has been primarily dominated by their use as powerful reagents in synthetic organic chemistry. Recently, the incorporation of boron as part of a functional target structure has emerged as a useful way to generate diversity in organic compounds. A commonly applied strategy is the replacement of a CC unit with its isoelectronic BN unit. In particular, the BN/CC isosterism of the ubiquitous arene motif has undergone a renaissance in the past decade. The parent molecule of the 1,2-dihydro-1,2-azaborine family has now been isolated. New mono- and polycyclic B,N heterocycles have been synthesized for potential use in biomedical and materials science applications. This review is a tribute to Dewar’s first synthesis of a monocyclic 1,2-dihydro-1,2-azaborine 50 years ago and discusses recent advances in the synthesis and characterization of heterocycles that contain carbon, boron, and nitrogen.
Co-reporter:Patrick G. Campbell;Dr. Adam J. V. Marwitz;Dr. Shih-Yuan Liu
Angewandte Chemie 2012 Volume 124( Issue 25) pp:
Publication Date(Web):
DOI:10.1002/ange.201203752
Co-reporter:Patrick G. Campbell;Dr. Adam J. V. Marwitz;Dr. Shih-Yuan Liu
Angewandte Chemie 2012 Volume 124( Issue 25) pp:6178-6197
Publication Date(Web):
DOI:10.1002/ange.201200063
Abstract
Die Chemie der Organoborverbindungen wurde im Wesentlichen durch ihre Verwendung als leistungsfähige Reagentien in der organischen Synthese beherrscht. Neuerdings hat sich die Einbindung von Bor als Bestandteil einer funktionellen Zielstruktur als ein geeigneter Weg erwiesen, um Diversität in organischen Verbindungen hervorzurufen. Eine üblicherweise angewendete Strategie ist der Austausch einer CC- gegen eine isoelektronische BN-Einheit. Besonders die BN/CC-Isosterie von Arenen erfuhr im vergangenen Jahrzehnt eine Renaissance. Die Stammverbindung der 1,2-Dihydro-1,2-azaborin-Familie wurde jetzt isoliert. Für mögliche Anwendungen in der Biomedizin und den Materialwissenschaften wurden neue mono- und polycyclische BN-Heterocyclen synthetisiert. Dieser Aufsatz ist eine Würdigung der 50 Jahre zurückliegenden ersten Synthese eines monocyclischen 1,2-Dihydro-1,2-azaborins durch Dewar und diskutiert die neuesten Fortschritte in der Synthese und Charakterisierung von Kohlenstoff-Bor-Stickstoff-Heterocyclen.
Co-reporter:Eric R. Abbey ; Lev N. Zakharov ;Shih-Yuan Liu
Journal of the American Chemical Society 2011 Volume 133(Issue 30) pp:11508-11511
Publication Date(Web):July 13, 2011
DOI:10.1021/ja205779b
“Fused” BN indoles are an emerging class of boron-containing indole mimics, featuring geometric structure and electophilic aromatic substitution reactivity similar to those of indoles but exhibiting distinct electronic structure, leading to unique optoelectronic properties. Herein we report the synthesis of the parent N-H BN indole and provide a head-to-head comparison of the structural features, pKa values, and optoelectronic properties of this hybrid organic/inorganic indole with the classic natural indole.
Co-reporter:Wei Luo ; Lev N. Zakharov ;Shih-Yuan Liu
Journal of the American Chemical Society 2011 Volume 133(Issue 33) pp:13006-13009
Publication Date(Web):July 25, 2011
DOI:10.1021/ja206497x
BN/CC isosterism has emerged as a viable strategy to increase the structural diversity of carbon-based compounds. We present the first synthesis and characterization of the parent 1,2-BN cyclohexane, the BN-isostere of cyclohexane. 1,2-BN cyclohexane is an air- and water-stable compound that cleanly forms a trimer with release of dihydrogen when thermally activated. We also demonstrate that 1,2-BN cyclohexane has a lower activation barrier for ring inversion than cyclohexane due to BN/CC isosterism.
Co-reporter:Wei Luo ; Patrick G. Campbell ; Lev N. Zakharov ;Shih-Yuan Liu
Journal of the American Chemical Society 2011 Volume 133(Issue 48) pp:19326-19329
Publication Date(Web):November 9, 2011
DOI:10.1021/ja208834v
The current state-of-the-art for hydrogen storage is compressed H2 at 700 bar. The development of a liquid-phase hydrogen storage material has the potential to take advantage of the existing liquid-based distribution infrastructure. We describe a liquid-phase hydrogen storage material that is a liquid under ambient conditions (i.e., at 20 °C and 1 atm pressure), air- and moisture-stable, and recyclable; releases H2 controllably and cleanly at temperatures below or at the proton exchange membrane fuel cell waste-heat temperature of 80 °C; utilizes catalysts that are cheap and abundant for H2 desorption; features reasonable gravimetric and volumetric storage capacity; and does not undergo a phase change upon H2 desorption.
Co-reporter:Senmiao Xu ; Lev N. Zakharov ;Shih-Yuan Liu
Journal of the American Chemical Society 2011 Volume 133(Issue 50) pp:20152-20155
Publication Date(Web):November 17, 2011
DOI:10.1021/ja2097089
We present the first synthesis and characterization of a 1,3-dihydro-1,3-azaborine, a long-sought BN isostere of benzene. 1,3-Dihydro-1,3-azaborine is a stable structural motif with considerable aromatic character as evidenced by structural analysis and its reaction chemistry. Single crystal X-ray analysis indicates bonding consistent with significant electron delocalization. 1,3-Dihydro-1,3-azaborines also undergo nucleophilic substitutions at boron and electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions. In view of the versatility and impact of aromatic compounds in the biomedical field and in materials science, the present study further expands the available chemical space of arenes via BN/CC isosterism.
Co-reporter:Adam C. Glass, Sam Klonoski, Lev N. Zakharov and Shih-Yuan Liu
Chemical Communications 2011 vol. 47(Issue 1) pp:286-288
Publication Date(Web):23 Aug 2010
DOI:10.1039/C0CC02170A
The synthesis of tetra-ortho-substituted biaryl naphthalenes, including examples bearing multiple ortho-isopropyl groups, has been developed via a catalytic rearrangement process.
Co-reporter:Ashley N. Lamm;Edward B. Garner III;Dr. David A. Dixon;Dr. Shih-Yuan Liu
Angewandte Chemie 2011 Volume 123( Issue 35) pp:8307-8310
Publication Date(Web):
DOI:10.1002/ange.201103192
Co-reporter:Ashley N. Lamm;Edward B. Garner III;Dr. David A. Dixon;Dr. Shih-Yuan Liu
Angewandte Chemie International Edition 2011 Volume 50( Issue 35) pp:8157-8160
Publication Date(Web):
DOI:10.1002/anie.201103192
Co-reporter:Adam J. V. Marwitz, Jesse T. Jenkins, Lev N. Zakharov, and Shih-Yuan Liu
Organometallics 2011 Volume 30(Issue 1) pp:52-54
Publication Date(Web):December 10, 2010
DOI:10.1021/om101083p
The first cationic 1,2-azaborine adducts of neutral phosphorus- and oxygen-based nucleophiles have been synthesized and characterized via spectroscopic and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis.
Co-reporter:Patrick G. Campbell ; Lev N. Zakharov ; Daniel J. Grant ; David A. Dixon ;Shih-Yuan Liu
Journal of the American Chemical Society 2010 Volume 132(Issue 10) pp:3289-3291
Publication Date(Web):February 19, 2010
DOI:10.1021/ja9106622
We describe a new hydrogen storage platform based on well-defined BN heterocyle materials. Specifically, we demonstrate that regeneration of the spent fuel back to the charged fuel can be accomplished using molecular H2 and H−/H+ sources. Crystallographic characterization of intermediates along the regeneration pathway confirms our structural assignments and reveals unique bonding changes associated with increasing hydrogen content on boron and nitrogen. Synthetic access to the fully charged BN cyclohexane fuels will now enable investigations of these materials in hydrogen desorption studies.
Co-reporter:Adam J. V. Marwitz, Sean P. McClintock, Lev N. Zakharov and Shih-Yuan Liu
Chemical Communications 2010 vol. 46(Issue 5) pp:779-781
Publication Date(Web):25 Nov 2009
DOI:10.1039/B919632C
BN Benzonitrile 2, a 1,2-dihydro-1,2-azaborine bearing an electron-withdrawing boron substituent was prepared and characterized, and its coordination chemistry investigated; reactivity studies revealed that BN benzonitrile 2 undergoes BCN–BNC linkage isomerism upon coordination to Cr(CO)5.
Co-reporter:Adam J. V. Marwitz;Jesse T. Jenkins;Dr. Lev N. Zakharov ;Dr. Shih-Yuan Liu
Angewandte Chemie 2010 Volume 122( Issue 41) pp:7606-7609
Publication Date(Web):
DOI:10.1002/ange.201004084
Co-reporter:Adam J. V. Marwitz;Jesse T. Jenkins;Dr. Lev N. Zakharov ;Dr. Shih-Yuan Liu
Angewandte Chemie International Edition 2010 Volume 49( Issue 41) pp:7444-7447
Publication Date(Web):
DOI:10.1002/anie.201004084
Co-reporter:Ashley N. Lamm and Shih-Yuan Liu
Molecular BioSystems 2009 vol. 5(Issue 11) pp:1303-1305
Publication Date(Web):10 Aug 2009
DOI:10.1039/B904120F
The stability of 1,2-dihydro-1,2-azaborines toward oxygen and water was investigated as a function of their ring substituents: while generally 1,2-dihydro-1,2-azaborines are compatible with water, their stability toward oxygen is dependent on the boron and the C(3) substituents, and we found that electron withdrawing groups enhanced the heterocycle’s ability to resist oxidative degradation.
Co-reporter:AdamJ.V. Marwitz;MyrnaH. Matus;LevN. Zakharov Dr.;DavidA. Dixon Dr.;Shih-Yuan Liu Dr.
Angewandte Chemie International Edition 2009 Volume 48( Issue 5) pp:973-977
Publication Date(Web):
DOI:10.1002/anie.200805554
Co-reporter:Lijun Liu;AdamJ.V. Marwitz;BrianW. Matthews Dr.;Shih-Yuan Liu Dr.
Angewandte Chemie International Edition 2009 Volume 48( Issue 37) pp:6817-6819
Publication Date(Web):
DOI:10.1002/anie.200903390
Co-reporter:Patrick G. Campbell ; Eric R. Abbey ; Doinita Neiner ; Daniel J. Grant ; David A. Dixon ;Shih-Yuan Liu
Journal of the American Chemical Society () pp:
Publication Date(Web):December 8, 2010
DOI:10.1021/ja109596m
Aromatic and single-olefin six-membered BN heterocycles were synthesized, and the heats of hydrogenation were measured calorimetrically. A comparison of the hydrogenation enthalpies of these compounds revealed that 1,2-azaborines have a resonance stabilization energy of 16.6 ± 1.3 kcal/mol, in good agreement with calculated values.
Co-reporter:Eric R. Abbey and Shih-Yuan Liu
Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 2013 - vol. 11(Issue 13) pp:NaN2069-2069
Publication Date(Web):2013/01/30
DOI:10.1039/C3OB27436E
Indole is a heterocycle of great importance to biological systems and materials applications. Synthesis of indole and its derivatives has been a major focus of research for over a century. BN/CC isosterism is an emerging strategy for expanding the structural diversity of indole-based compounds. Two classes of BN indoles have been reported to date: the well-studied “external” BN indoles (or 1,3,2-benzodiazaborolines), and the recently reported “fused” BN indoles. This perspective presents the history of both classes of indole isosteres, with a general overview of their synthesis, functionalization, and properties.
Co-reporter:Wei Luo, Doinita Neiner, Abhi Karkamkar, Kshitij Parab, Edward B. Garner III, David A. Dixon, Dean Matson, Tom Autrey and Shih-Yuan Liu
Dalton Transactions 2013 - vol. 42(Issue 3) pp:NaN614-614
Publication Date(Web):2012/09/20
DOI:10.1039/C2DT31617J
We provide detailed characterization of properties for 3-methyl-1,2-BN-cyclopentane 1 that are relevant to H2 storage applications such as viscosity, thermal stability, H2 gas stream purity, and polarity. The viscosity of 1 at room temperature is 25 ± 5 cP, about one fourth the viscosity of olive oil. TGA/MS analysis indicates that liquid carrier 1 is thermally stable at 30 °C but decomposes slowly at 50 °C. RGA data suggest that the H2 desorption from 1 is a clean process, producing relatively pure H2 gas. Compound 1 is a polar zwitterionic-type liquid consistent with theoretical predictions and solvatochromic studies.
Co-reporter:Adam C. Glass, Sam Klonoski, Lev N. Zakharov and Shih-Yuan Liu
Chemical Communications 2011 - vol. 47(Issue 1) pp:NaN288-288
Publication Date(Web):2010/08/23
DOI:10.1039/C0CC02170A
The synthesis of tetra-ortho-substituted biaryl naphthalenes, including examples bearing multiple ortho-isopropyl groups, has been developed via a catalytic rearrangement process.
Co-reporter:Adam J. V. Marwitz, Sean P. McClintock, Lev N. Zakharov and Shih-Yuan Liu
Chemical Communications 2010 - vol. 46(Issue 5) pp:NaN781-781
Publication Date(Web):2009/11/25
DOI:10.1039/B919632C
BN Benzonitrile 2, a 1,2-dihydro-1,2-azaborine bearing an electron-withdrawing boron substituent was prepared and characterized, and its coordination chemistry investigated; reactivity studies revealed that BN benzonitrile 2 undergoes BCN–BNC linkage isomerism upon coordination to Cr(CO)5.
Co-reporter:Adam J. V. Marwitz, Ashley N. Lamm, Lev N. Zakharov, Monica Vasiliu, David A. Dixon and Shih-Yuan Liu
Chemical Science (2010-Present) 2012 - vol. 3(Issue 3) pp:NaN829-829
Publication Date(Web):2011/11/07
DOI:10.1039/C1SC00500F
We report the synthesis, structural characterization, and optoelectronic properties of BN-Tolan 1 and Bis-BN-Tolan 2, one of the simplest conjugated systems containing the BN bond pair. BN-tolans 1 and 2 display absorption and emission properties that are distinct from their carbonaceous analogue, tolan. In addition, Bis-BN-Tolan 2 exhibits unique N–H⋯π(C≡C) hydrogen bonding in the solid state.