The solvent usually forms a large part of the heterogeneous hydration mixture in the biphasic hydration of liquid olefins, and solvent selection greatly affects the hydration conversion. In this work, the hydration of dihydromyrcene (DHM) in two different solvents, i.e., acetone and 1,4-dioxane, was investigated experimentally and mathematically. A theoretical model coupling liquid–liquid phase equilibrium and reaction equilibrium is proposed for evaluating the effects of the solvent on the heterogeneous hydration of DHM. Experiments were performed to obtain unreported parameters for the phase equilibrium and reaction equilibrium and the conversion of DHM in biphasic hydration was then predicted by the coupled model. The effects of the mass feed ratios on the total conversion X of DHM are discussed and varying conversions were observed when different solvents were employed. DHM was more soluble in the acetone system than in 1,4-dioxane, and the conversion of the hydration reaction was higher. This predictive evaluation process based on the overall equilibrium could provide a practical strategy for selecting the optimal solvent for the heterogeneous hydration of DHM and other liquid olefins.

•The pyrolysis of β-pinene and its primary products were investigated.•Some small molecules and newfound C10H16 isomers were identified.•The reaction mechanism of products from β-pinene were disscussed.•More rigorous kinetic model is presented for the first time.•The kinetic model of pyrolysis of β-pinene lay a foundation for process optimization.Myrcene, an important intermediate for the production of fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals, is mainly produced by the pyrolysis of β-pinene in the industry. The study of the direct pyrolysis of β-pinene was carried out without a catalyst and carrier gas at 573–873 K and under low pressure. In order to clarify the reaction mechanism, the primary intermediates of β-pinene pyrolysis including myrcene and limonene were also used as raw materials for further pyrolysis. The identification of some small molecules and C10H16 isomers in the products proves that both decomposition reaction and ene reaction take place during the pyrolysis process. Based on the qualitative and quantitative analysis of reaction products, a reaction scheme for the pyrolysis of β-pinene was proposed. With appropriate simplification of the reaction scheme, a phenomenological kinetic model of the competitive parallel and consecutive first-order reaction was built, and exhibited good agreement with the experimental data. The activation energy (Ea) and pre-exponential factor (k0) for each pathway were also determined.

A copper-mediated trifluoromethylthiolation of vinyl bromides has been developed. This method provides ready access to vinyl trifluoromethyl thioethers in good to high yields from simple, inexpensive starting materials. A broad substrate scope is achieved, and the reaction is compatible with various functional groups, including cyano, nitro, trifluoromethyl, alkoxy, amino, halide, and heterocyclic groups.

The solubilities and the physicochemical properties of NaCl–NaAc–H2O (solid–liquid system) at 303.15 K, 323.15 K, and 343.15 K have been measured by the isothermal method. The phase diagrams were plotted according to the measured data. The system only contained the forms of single salts, and no double salts or solid solution. On the basis of the Pitzer model and the temperature coefficients of the single-salt parameters, the mixed ion-interaction parameters, θCl–Ac– and φNa+Cl–Ac–, as well as the average equilibrium constants of the solids were obtained. Using the above parameters of the solids at equilibrium, the solubility and the activity coefficient predictions for the NaCl–NaAc–H2O are presented. A comparison between the calculated and experimental results suggests that the solubility data predicted by the Pitzer model agree well with the experimental data.

The liquid–liquid equilibrium data of a ternary system water + acetone + dihydromyrcenol were measured at 358 K to 368 K under 0.8 MPa. The reliability of the experimental data was calculated by the Othmer–Tobias and Hand correlations. The nonrandom two-liquid model and the universal quasichemical model were used to correlate the tie-lines. The calculated results coincide with the experimental data very well.

Recovery of copper ions from wastewater using a hollow fiber supported emulsion liquid membrane (HFSELM) was studied with LIX984N as carrier, kerosene as diluents, and sulfuric acid solution as stripping phase. Effects of compositions of feed and emulsion liquid phase, flow rates on both sides of membrane, and hollow fiber module parameters were investigated. The stability of the emulsion liquid phase without surfactant and the effect of buffer in the feed phase on the extraction rate were also evaluated. It is found that the stability of the emulsion phase without surfactant is poor. Higher flow velocity gives shorter residence time for the emulsion liquid phase on the tube side, reducing the effect of particle coalescence on the separation process. The extraction rate increases with the increase of feed phase pH, carrier concentration, hydrogen ion concentration in the stripping phase, and effective hollow fiber area. The phase ratio in the emulsion liquid phase has a negative effect on extraction rate. The flow rates on both sides have little influence on the extraction performance of the HFSELM, while buffer addition in the feed solution improves the extraction efficiency.