Co-reporter:Yuzhen Li;Jinguo Cui;Houting Liu;Yi Rao;Jian Hou
Journal of Applied Polymer Science 2009 Volume 113( Issue 1) pp:96-103
Publication Date(Web):
DOI:10.1002/app.29957
Abstract
High-quality poly(2-phenylindole) (PPI) films were synthesized electrochemically by direct anodic oxidation of 2-phenylindole (PI) in boron trifluoride diethyl etherate (BFEE). The onset oxidation potential of PI in this medium was measured to be only 0.83 V versus a saturated calomel electrode (SCE), which was much lower than that determined in acetonitrile (ACN) containing 0.1 mol L–1 tetrabutylammonium tetrafluoroborate (1.05 V vs. SCE). PPI films obtained from BFEE showed good electrochemical behavior and thermal stability with an electrical conductivity of 10–2 S cm–1. Structural studies showed that the polymerization of PI mainly occurred at the 3,6-positions. As-formed PPI films could be partly dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide. Fluorescence spectral studies indicated that PPI was a blue-green light emitter. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Co-reporter:Baoyang Lu, Jingkun Xu, Changli Fan, Huaming Miao and Liang Shen
The Journal of Physical Chemistry B 2009 Volume 113(Issue 1) pp:37-48
Publication Date(Web):December 9, 2008
DOI:10.1021/jp804497q
A novel semiconducting polybenzanthrone, with relatively high electrical conductivity and excellent thermal stability, was successfully electrosynthesized by direct anodic oxidation of its monomer benzanthrone in acetonitrile solution containing Bu4NBF4 or boron trifluoride diethyl etherate (BFEE) acting as the supporting electrolyte. As-formed polybenzanthrone films showed good redox activity and nice structural stability even in concentrated sulfuric acid. UV−vis, FT-IR, and 1H NMR spectral analyses and MALDI-TOF MS results, together with quantum chemistry calculations, proved that the polymer chains grew mainly via the coupling of the monomer at C(3) and C(11) positions. The fluorescence properties of both doped and dedoped polybenzanthrone were greatly improved in comparison with that of the monomer. Furthermore, both doped and dedoped polybenzanthrone, dissolved in common organic solvents, with fluorescence quantum yields as high as 0.52, also emitted strong and bright green or yellow-green photoluminescence at excitation of 365 nm UV light. All these results indicate that the striking polybenzanthrone films as obtained have many potential applications in various fields.
Co-reporter:Changli Fan, Jingkun Xu, Wen Chen, Baoyang Lu, Huaming Miao, Congcong Liu and Guodong Liu
The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 2009 Volume 113(Issue 22) pp:9900-9910
Publication Date(Web):May 8, 2009
DOI:10.1021/jp900323w
Novel high-quality poly(9-hydroxyfluorene) (PHF), poly(9-fluorenecarboxylic acid) (PFCA), and poly(9-hydroxyl-9-fluorenecarboxylic acid) (PHFCA) films can be easily electrodeposited by low-potential anodic oxidation of fluorene derivatives, which contain either the electron-withdrawing carboxyl group (-COOH) or the electron-donating hydroxyl group (-OH), using a midstrength Lewis acid boron trifluoride diethyl etherate (BFEE) as the solvent and supporting electrolyte. The complexing reaction between the -COOH or -OH groups at the C(9) position of these fluorene derivatives and BFEE increased the ionic conductivity of the BFEE system as an electrolyte significantly. The 13C NMR spectra clearly demonstrates that the chemical shift of carbons at the C(9) and C(14) positions has made a low-field shift. This change in the chemical shift of the carbon atoms confirms the formation of complexion cations when FCA or HFCA was mixed with BFEE. The as-formed polymer films showed good redox behavior and thermal stability. FTIR, 1H NMR, and theoretical investigations indicated that the polymerization of HF, FCA, and HFCA monomers occurred mainly at the C(2) and C(7) positions. The fluorescence properties of the polymers were greatly improved in comparison with those of the monomers, implying that those polymers were good blue light emitters. SEM results indicated that PHF film is a nanomaterial.
Co-reporter:Xingcong Wang;Bing Chen;Weiqiang Zhou;Shouzhi Pu
Journal of Applied Polymer Science 2008 Volume 108( Issue 3) pp:1924-1933
Publication Date(Web):
DOI:10.1002/app.27872
Abstract
The copolymerization of 9,9-dioctylfluorene (DOF) and thiophene (Th) was successfully achieved by direct anodic oxidation of monomer mixtures on platinum or stainless steel electrodes in boron trifluoride diethyl etherate (BFEE) containing additional 20% diethyl ether (by volume). The incorporation of Th units can produce high quality and freestanding poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-co-thiophene) [poly(Th-co-DOF)] films with tunable fluorescence properties. As-formed copolymers were characterized by cyclic voltammetry, infrared, UV–visible, fluorescence spectroscopy, and thermal analysis. Copolymers films showed good electrochemical behavior and thermal stability. Fluorescence spectral studies indicated that the copolymer films have strong emissions from 390 to 500 nm, making them good candidates for application as blue–green light-emitting materials. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Co-reporter:Changli Fan ; Jingkun Xu ; Wen Chen ;Bin Dong
The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 2008 Volume 112(Issue 31) pp:12012-12017
Publication Date(Web):July 16, 2008
DOI:10.1021/jp801673m
The electrochemical synthesis of a novel semiconducting polymer, water-soluble poly(9-aminofluorene) (P9AF), with good fluorescence properties was successfully achieved in pure boron trifluoride diethyl etherate (BFEE) by the direct anodic oxidation of 9-aminofluorene (9AF). The amino group substitution makes P9AF highly soluble in water, facilitating potential applications as a blue-light-emitting material. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy together with theoretical calculations show that polymerization of 9AF occurs mainly at the C(2) and C(7) positions. The fluorescence spectra indicate that doped P9AF films in water are blue-light emitters with a fluorescence quantum yield of 0.44. Increasing the concentration of hydrochloric acid decreases the solubility of the doped P9AF films but increases that of dedoped P9AF films because of the different complexation of the —NH2 group on P9AF with BF3 or H+. The doped and dedoped P9AF films in 0.5 mol L−1 hydrochloric acid are blue-light emitters with fluorescence quantum yields of 0.40 and 0.17, respectively.
Co-reporter:Zhenhong Wei;Qin Wang;Yanglong Nie;Yukou Du;Hongying Xia
Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 2008 Volume 46( Issue 15) pp:5232-5241
Publication Date(Web):
DOI:10.1002/pola.22852
Abstract
Homogeneous and high-quality free-standing poly(1,6-bis(carbazolyl) hexane) (P2Cz-H) and poly(1,12-bis(carbazolyl)dodecane) (P2Cz-D) films were electrochemically synthesized in CH2Cl2 + 0.1 M tetrabutylammonium tetrafluoroborate solution. The electrochemical and physical properties indicated that the quality of P2Cz-D film with tensile strength of 165 kg cm−2 was better than that of P2Cz-H due to the flexible monomer 1,12-bis(carbazolyl)dodecane (2Cz-D) has a longer carbon chain than that of monomer 1,6-bis(carbazolyl)hexane (2Cz-H). On the other hand, both the dicarbazole monomers showed better polymer-film-forming capabilities than the single carbazole monomer, partly because of the special design of the polymer backbone constituted of stiff bicarbazyl chromophores linked by flexible long carbon segments. The structures of both dicarbazole polymers were investigated by UV–visible, infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Fluorescence spectral studies revealed that the two dedoped polymer films in solid state had strong emissions at ca. 411 and 415 nm. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 5232–5241, 2008
Co-reporter:Jingkun Xu, Zhenhong Wei, Yukou Du, Shouzhi Pu
Materials Letters 2007 Volume 61(11–12) pp:2486-2490
Publication Date(Web):May 2007
DOI:10.1016/j.matlet.2006.09.042
Homogeneous and high-strength free-standing poly(1,12-bis(carbazolyl)dodecane) film with conductivity of 1.36 S cm− 1 and a tensile strength of 230 kg cm− 2 was electrochemically synthesized in a novel mixed electrolyte of boron trifluoride diethyl etherate containing 40% CHCl3 (by volume) by direct anodic oxidation of the monomer 1,12-bis(carbazolyl)dodecane). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report that free-standing polycarbazole films with high strength and high conductivity can be electrodeposited on stainless steel sheet.
Co-reporter:Jingkun Xu;Liang Wan;Yuzhen Li;Houting Liu;Shouzhi Pu;Liang Shen
Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 2007 Volume 45(Issue 24) pp:5932-5941
Publication Date(Web):2 NOV 2007
DOI:10.1002/pola.22346
High-quality poly(diphenyl ether) (PDPE) films with electrical conductivity of 4.4 × 10−1 S cm−1 were synthesized electrochemically by direct anodic oxidation of diphenyl ether (DPE) in boron trifluoride diethyl etherate (BFEE) containing 5% concentrated sulfuric acid (SA) (by volume). The oxidation potential onset of DPE in pure BFEE was measured to be only 1.37 V versus a saturated calomel electrode (SCE), which was much lower than that determined in acetonitrile + 0.1 mol L−1 tetrabutylammonium tetrafluoroborate (1.98 V vs. SCE). The addition of SA to BFEE can further decrease the oxidation potential onset of the monomer to 1.18 V versus SCE in the mixed electrolyte of BFEE + 5% SA. PDPE films obtained from this medium showed good redox activity and stability even in concentrated SA. Dedoped PDPE films were partly soluble in the strong polar organic solvent dimethyl sulfoxide. Fluorescent spectral studies indicated that soluble PDPE was a good blue-light emitter with a quantum yield of 0.30. Infrared spectroscopy and quantum chemistry calculations indicated that the electropolymerization of DPE occurred mainly at C4 and C4′. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 5932–5941, 2007
Co-reporter:Jingkun Xu, Zhenhong Wei, Yukou Du, Weiqiang Zhou, Shouzhi Pu
Electrochimica Acta 2006 Volume 51(Issue 22) pp:4771-4779
Publication Date(Web):5 June 2006
DOI:10.1016/j.electacta.2006.01.017
High quality polymer films can be easily produced by low-potential anodic oxidation of fluorene and its alkyl-polymer precursor through 9,9 position (9,9-dibromohexylfluorene, 9-(6-bromohexyl)fluorene, poly(fluorene-9,9-diyl-alt-alkan-1,6-diyl); Scheme 1) in boron trifluoride diethyl etherate (BFEE) or mixed electrolytes of BFEE + CHCl3. As-formed polymer films showed good redox behavior and were characterized by UV–vis, infrared, fluorescence spectroscopy and thermal analysis. Fluorescence spectral studies both in solution and in solid-state revealed that as-formed polymer films were good blue-green light emitters with strong emissions at about 420 and 560 nm. The substitutions of alkyl group and alkyl-polymer fluorene precursors were helpful for the red shift of emission wavelength of as-formed polyfluorenes.
Co-reporter:Jingkun Xu, Weiqiang Zhou, Jian Hou, Shouzhi Pu, Zhenhong Wei, Jingwu Wang
Materials Letters 2006 Volume 60(21–22) pp:2569-2572
Publication Date(Web):September 2006
DOI:10.1016/j.matlet.2006.01.038
High quality free-standing poly (dibenzofuran) (PDBF) films with conductivity of 100 S cm− 1 were synthesized electrochemically by direct anodic oxidation of dibenzofuran in mixed electrolytes of boron trifluoride diethyl etherate (BFEE) containing 30% trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) (by volume). The structure analysis of PDBF was performed using UV–vis and FTIR spectroscopy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the electrodeposition of free-standing PDBF films.
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