Co-reporter:Mohammad Shahid, Xian-Wei Cheng, Ren-Cheng Tang, Guoqiang Chen
Dyes and Pigments 2017 Volume 137() pp:277-283
Publication Date(Web):February 2017
DOI:10.1016/j.dyepig.2016.10.009
•Simple one-step process for the synthesis and deposition of AgNPs on silk using caffeic acid as reductant.•Visual colour changes and UV–vis spectra confirmed the synthesis of AgNPs.•SEM images showed uniform distribution of AgNPs on silk surface.•Silver content of treated fabrics increased with increasing concentration of silver nitrate and caffeic acid.•AgNPs@silk exhibited excellent fastness, highly durable antimicrobial and excellent UV-protective properties.This paper reports a simple one-step process for the in-situ synthesis and deposition of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on silk fabric by employing caffeic acid as an eco-friendly reductant. The formation of AgNPs was confirmed by visible colour changes and UV–visible spectra. The surface plasmon resonance band of AgNPs was observed at λmax ∼414–420 nm indicating spherical or roughly spherical AgNPs, which was further confirmed by TEM and SEM measurements. The surface of AgNPs treated silk showed roughness due to the deposition of AgNPs and the uniform distribution of roughly spherical AgNPs on silk surface was observed in SEM images. EDS analysis also confirmed the presence of silver in treated silk. An increase in the amount of caffeic acid and silver nitrate resulted in more silver being deposited on silk fabric. The caffeic acid assisted in-situ generation of AgNPs imparted golden yellow colour and good multi-functional properties to silk fabric. The treated fabrics showed excellent fastness towards washing, rubbing and light. The antibacterial effect was highly durable as more than 90% bacterial reduction was observed even after 10 washing cycles.
Co-reporter:Mohammad Shahid, Faqeer Mohammad, Guoqiang Chen, Ren-Cheng Tang and Tieling Xing
Green Chemistry 2016 vol. 18(Issue 8) pp:2256-2281
Publication Date(Web):01 Mar 2016
DOI:10.1039/C6GC00201C
Industrial biotechnology has the potential to fulfil many key criteria of greener textile production. This review outlines the current research and future directions of the emerging applications of enzymatic technology in the sustainable production and processing of textiles. The state-of-the-art industrial enzymes in textile processing include amylases for desizing of cotton and cellulases for denim-washing and biopolishing. Aside from these established processes, emerging enzymatic processes such as cotton scouring and bleaching, bast fiber retting/degumming, wool scouring and shrink-proofing, silk degumming, bio-dye production and enzyme-assisted dyeing and finishing are at various stages of development. To illustrate the state-of-the-art, representative examples of enzymes in the processing of various types of textile substrates are discussed and evaluated in this article. The major limitations of the large scale implications of textile biotechnology are lack of sufficient research efforts to make it an economically viable option and issues related to technological glitches. The limitations of existing approaches will be highlighted and the requirements of continuous improvement to overcome current obstacles will be demonstrated by critical assessment.
Co-reporter:Yan Zhang;Wei Zhang;Yanqiu Cheng;Ronghua Zhang;Chuanxiang Qin
Fibers and Polymers 2016 Volume 17( Issue 1) pp:15-20
Publication Date(Web):2016 January
DOI:10.1007/s12221-016-5452-9
Wool/acrylic blends were dyed with a hemicyanine reactive cationic dye, Dye 1, to prepare the fluorescent wool/acrylic blends in this article. The study initially focuses on the optical properties of Dye 1, followed by dyeing properties of Dye 1, then ended with fluorescent properties of the dyed wool/acrylic blends. The results show that the exhaustion, fixation, and fastness to washing and rubbing of Dye 1 on wool, acrylic, and wool/acrylic blend were good throughout. The dyed wool/acrylic blends can emit obvious fluorescence. In addition, according to the EN-1150 standard (1999), the chromaticity of dyed wool/acrylic blends meet the requirements of fluorescent pink when the dye concentrations are suitable.
Co-reporter:H. H. Ye;Z. X. Li;G. Q. Chen
Fibers and Polymers 2014 Volume 15( Issue 5) pp:908-913
Publication Date(Web):2014 May
DOI:10.1007/s12221-014-0908-2
Monomer of acryloyl tri(1,1,2,2-tetrahydroperfluoro-octyl) citrate (FOC) and β-acryloyloxy 1,1,2,2-tetrahydroperfluoro-octyl propionate (FOP) were successfully synthesized and copolymerized with n-butyl acrylate by continuous process emulsion copolymerization. Thermal properties of resulting fluorinated copolymers were characterized by TGA. The water and oil repellency of the polymers used as textile finishing agent on cotton fabrics were investigated, and the surface energies were calculated. The X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS) measurement showed strong surface enrichment of fluorinated segments.
Co-reporter:Haohua Ye;Zhanxiong Li;Dan Fan
Journal of Applied Polymer Science 2013 Volume 127( Issue 1) pp:402-409
Publication Date(Web):
DOI:10.1002/app.37632
Abstract
Bis(1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-perfluoro-octyl)methylenesuccinate (FOM)/ethyl acrylate (EA)/methyl methacrylate (MMA) copolymer (FOME) latexes, FOM/butyl acrylate (BA)/MMA copolymer (FOMB) latexes, and FOM/octyl acrylate (OA)/MMA copolymer (FOMO) latexes were synthesized by continuous emulsion polymerization. Solution polymerization was also carried out to prepare FOMB. The influences of fluorine content and curing conditions on the surface properties of polymer films were discussed. The water and oil repellency of cotton fabrics treated with the FOM copolymers was better than that of conventional poly(fluoroalkyl acrylate)s containing the same fluorinated chain. The polymer films or the treated fabrics were characterized by Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscope, atomic force microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, x-ray photoelectron spectrometry, and wide angle x-ray diffraction. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci, 2013
Co-reporter:Haohua Ye;Zhanxiong Li
Journal of Applied Polymer Science 2013 Volume 130( Issue 6) pp:4410-4418
Publication Date(Web):
DOI:10.1002/app.39474
ABSTRACT
Aromatic monomers with different fluorine concentrations and structural distribution patterns were synthesized. A series of copolymers based on methyl methacrylate, acrylate, and perfluorooctylalkyl acrylate were prepared by emulsion polymerization and were subsequently used as functional coatings to prepare water- and oil-repellent cotton fabrics. The composition and structure of the outmost layer of the treated cotton surface were analyzed. A strong surface segregation of fluorinated segments was found for the treated samples, as shown by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis. The basis for an in-depth appreciation of the relationship between the molecular structure of the monomers and the properties of corresponding copolymer-treated materials was provided (especially with regarding to their hydrophobic and oleophobic properties). The wetting characteristics of the fluorinated copolymers were found to be dependent on the density (number of side chains per constitutional repeat unit) and regularity of the fluorinated side chains. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 4410–4418, 2013
Co-reporter:Chenghui Zheng;Zhenming Qi
Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing 2012 Volume 32( Issue 3) pp:629-642
Publication Date(Web):2012 June
DOI:10.1007/s11090-012-9350-7
Degummed Bombyx mori (B. mori) silk fabrics modified by cold oxygen plasma (COP) and/or titania sols (TSs) were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction, field emission scan electronic microscopy (FE-SEM), thermo-gravimetric and differential thermal analysis, and ultraviolet (UV) transmittance methods in this study. FT-IR analysis demonstrated that titania particles were associated with B. mori silk fibers by forming organic–inorganic hybrid blends. Processing sequences of COP and TSs, and curing conditions showed significant impacts on the crystalline, thermal, micro-morphological, and UV resistant characteristics of silk fabrics. Crystallinity index by both area and height methods, and crystallite sizes of silk fabrics were calculated as well. Results showed that crystallinity index of finished samples approximate to that of degummed silk fabric could be obtained by applying TSs and curing at 160 °C for 2 min prior to COP treatment, or vice versa with lower temperature of 140 °C for 3 min, whereas the crystallite sizes of treated samples increased slightly. The initial decomposition temperatures of finished samples were elevated by 23–35 °C with increased char residues at 600 °C, while the transmittance of UVA and UVB of finished samples decreased by 11.7, 17.7%, respectively. FE-SEM analysis revealed that titania particles were associated on the fiber surfaces with different smoothness.
Co-reporter:Chenghui Zheng;Zhenming QI
Journal of Applied Polymer Science 2011 Volume 122( Issue 3) pp:2090-2098
Publication Date(Web):
DOI:10.1002/app.34289
Abstract
Nano titanium dioxide (TiO2) sols were prepared by sol-gel method with tetrabutyl orthotitanate (TBOT) as precursors, citric acid (CA) as inhibitors. Ultraviolet resistant capacity of finished cotton fabrics are greatly improved with good wrinkle-resistance, whiteness and tensile strength as well. The optimum molar ratio for preparing nano-TiO2 sols in this study is n[C2H5OH] : n[H2O] : n[CA] : n[HCl] : n[TOBT] = 20 : 6 : 1.2 : 0.025 : 1, at ambient temperature. Particle size distribution analysis of the sol reveals that the curve is right tailed with an average diameter of 72.8 nm. Factors affecting the performance of finished cotton fabrics by TiO2 sols, such as concentration of sodium hypophosphite (SHP), triethanolamine (TEA) in finishing bath, curing temperatures and time lengths were investigated by orthogonal experiments. The optimum finishing results can be obtained with 3% SHP, 3% TEA, curing at 165°C for 3 min. Aggregated nano-TiO2 particles on surfaces of finished cotton fibers both washed and unwashed were investigated by high resolution cold field emission scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer. Esterification crosslinking between CA and cotton fibers were also demonstrated through infrared spectra. After a five-time's wash, ultraviolet protection factor of finished cotton fabrics with nano-TiO2 sols is up to 117.42 and dry crease recovery angles increase by 30.2° with slightly improved whiteness, while the breaking strength decreases by 18.8%. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Co-reporter:Chuanxiang Qin;Ren-Cheng Tang;Bo Chen;Dawei Chen;Xiaomei Wang
Fibers and Polymers 2010 Volume 11( Issue 2) pp:193-198
Publication Date(Web):2010 April
DOI:10.1007/s12221-010-0193-7
Three hemicyanine dyes were employed in dyeing acrylic fabrics following traditional cationic dyeing procedures. The influence of the substituting groups of the dye molecule on the sorption rate and sorption isotherms was analyzed. The results showed that those dyed acrylic fabrics using hemicyanine dyes had obvious fluorescent effect in the spectra range 550–750 nm. In addition, according to the EN-471 standard (2003), the chromaticity of dyed acrylic fabric was calculated to evaluate whether hemicyanine dye could meet the requirements of the fluorescent dye for high visibility warning clothing.
Co-reporter:Chuanxiang Qin, Xiaomei Wang, Jian-Jun Wang, Jiayuan Mao, Junyi Yang, Lixing Dai, Guoqiang Chen
Dyes and Pigments 2009 Volume 82(Issue 3) pp:329-335
Publication Date(Web):September 2009
DOI:10.1016/j.dyepig.2009.02.002
The hemicyanine dye, trans-4-[p-(N,N-di(2-hydroxyethyl))amino-styryl]-N-octylpyridinium tetraphenylborate (DHEASPT-C8), was synthesized and characterized using 1H NMR, thermo-analysis and elemental analysis. The linear optical properties in several solvents were measured using UV–vis as well as single-photon spectrophotometer, while the non-linear optical properties in DMF were measured using the Z-scan technique at 532 nm using 4 ns pulsed laser. The influence of the dye anion on its optical properties was investigated by comparing DHEASPT-C8 to trans-4-[p-(N,N-hydroxyethyl)amino-styryl]-N-octylpyridinium bromide (DHEASPBr-C8), from which it was observed that there were blue shifts in both single-photon absorption spectra and fluorescence spectra. Z-scan measurements showed that DHEASPBr-C8 displayed saturable absorption with less obvious refractive phenomena, while DHEASPT-C8 had reverse saturable absorption with obvious refractive phenomena. For DHEASPT-C8, the NLO absorption coefficient β was 3.09 × 10−11 m/W and the third-order NLO coefficient χ(3) was 4.78 × 10−12 esu.
Co-reporter:Jinping Guan, Charles Q. Yang, Guoqiang Chen
Polymer Degradation and Stability 2009 Volume 94(Issue 3) pp:450-455
Publication Date(Web):March 2009
DOI:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2008.10.024
Flame retardancy is a desirable property for silk textiles, and it becomes necessity when silk textiles are for interior decorative use in building with public access. However, the flame retardant finishing technology available for silk has significant limitations. In this research, we studied the use of the combination of a hydroxyl-functional organophosphorus oligomer (HFPO) and 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid (BTCA) as a formaldehyde-free flame retardant finishing system for silk. When BTCA is applied to silk, most of BTCA reacts with the hydroxyl group on silk by single ester linkage. In the presence of HFPO, BTCA is able to bond HFPO onto silk by either a BTCA “bridge” between silk and HFPO or a BTCA–HFPO–BTCA cross-linkage between two silk protein molecules. We evaluated the flammability and physical properties of the silk fabric treated with HFPO and BTCA. The treated silk fabric demonstrated a high level of flame retardancy with modest loss in fabric tensile strength. The treated silk passed the vertical flammability test after 15 hand wash (HW) cycles. Increasing the HFPO concentration from 20% to 30% does not show significant improvement in the flame retardant performance of the treated silk. The thermal analysis data demonstrated that HFPO reduces silk's initial thermal decomposition temperature and promotes char formation.
Co-reporter:Chuanxiang Qin, Jianjun Wang, Si Cheng, Xiaomei Wang, Lixing Dai, Guoqiang Chen
Materials Letters 2009 Volume 63(Issue 15) pp:1239-1241
Publication Date(Web):15 June 2009
DOI:10.1016/j.matlet.2009.02.038
Polyamic acid (PAA) solution in N, N-dimethylacetamide was mixed with one hemicyanine dye, DHEASPI-C1, to prepare the fluorescent polyimide (PI) web by electrospinning process (ESP). Firstly, dark orange-red PAA/DHEASPI-C1 web consisted of nanofibers about 10–100 nm, could be achieved using ESP at room temperature. Then thermal imidization for 4 h in vacuum oven (200 °C, 133 Pa) led to the cycloimidization of PAA into PI and the orange PI/ DHEASPI-C1 fluorescent web was successfully obtained. The single-photon emission fluorescent measurements showed that both electrospun PAA/DHEASPI-C1 web and PI/DHEASPI-C1 web had obvious fluorescent properties, moreover, their spectra peak locations were 604 nm and 602 nm respectively.
Co-reporter:Chuanxiang Qin;Jianjun Wang;Yi Li;Hongde Xie;Xinbo Wang;Lixing Dai;Xiaomei Wang
Journal of Applied Polymer Science 2009 Volume 113( Issue 3) pp:1448-1453
Publication Date(Web):
DOI:10.1002/app.29961
Abstract
Two hemicyanine dyes, trans-4-[p-(N,N-di(2-hydroxyethyl)) amino-styryl]-N-methylpyridinium tetraphenylborate (dye-C1) and trans-4-[p-(N,N-di(2-hydroxyethyl)) amino-styryl]-N-octylpyridinium tetraphenylborate (dye-C8) were synthesized, and characterized by infrared, 1H-NMR, thermoanalysis, respectively. Then polyimide (PI) oligomers (referred to as P-C1 and P-C8) with these hemicyanine dyes attached to the polymer side chain were prepared through Mitsunobu condensation. When the linear optical properties of the two dyes and the two PI oligomers were studied in dimethylformamide solvent, there were obvious blue shifts in the spectra of the oligomers. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Co-reporter:Chuanxiang Qin, Weizhou Zhang, Zhiming Wang, Maoyi Zhou, Xiaomei Wang, Guoqiang Chen
Optical Materials 2008 Volume 30(Issue 10) pp:1607-1615
Publication Date(Web):June 2008
DOI:10.1016/j.optmat.2007.10.009
A series of “D-π-A” stilbene-type dyes, named as trans-4-[p-(N,N-hydroxyethyl) aminino-styryl]-N-methylpyridinium iodide (DHEASPI-C1), trans-4-[p-(N,N-hydroxyethyl) aminino-styryl]-N-butylpyridinium bromide (DHEASPBr-C4), trans-4-[p-(N,N-hydroxyethyl) aminino-styryl]-N-octylpyridinium bromide (DHEASPBr-C8) and trans-4-[p-(N,N-hydroxyethyl) aminino-styryl]-N-dodecylpyridinium bromide (DHEASPBr-C12), respectively, have been synthesized and their optical properties have been experimentally investigated. When DHEASPI-C1 are compared with trans-4-[p-(N,N-diethylamino) styryl]-N-methylpyridinium iodide (DEASPI) and trans-4-[p-(N-hydroxyethyl-N-ethylamino) styryl]-N-methylpyridinium iodide (HEASPI), both the electronegativity of two hydroxyl and intra-molecular hydrogen bond decrease the donor ability of the ethyl chain, there are obvious blue shifts both in single-photon absorption spectra, fluorescence spectra and two-photon excited fluorescence spectra. Interestingly, fluorescence intensity of DHEASPI-C1 is the biggest. There are little shifts from DHEASPBr-C4 to DHEASPBr-C8 and to DHEASPBr-C12 in their spectra. As dyes’ two-photon excited fluorescence spectra were concerned, pumped by 1064 nm, <130 fs mode-locked Nd:YAG laser, their peak locations were between 613 and 623 nm.
Co-reporter:Jinping Guan
Fibers and Polymers 2008 Volume 9( Issue 4) pp:
Publication Date(Web):2008 August
DOI:10.1007/s12221-008-0070-9
The flame resistant finishing of silk fabric is still a challenge because most of the available treatment methods usually result in insufficient laundering durability. In this paper, a vinyl phosphorus-based monomer diethyl-2-(methacryloyloxyethyl) phosphate (DEMEP) was applied onto silk fabrics by graft copolymerization technique using potassium persulfate as an initiator. FT-IR spectra and amino analysis showed the evidence of the reaction between DEMEP and silk. The silk fabrics treated with DEMEP have excellent self-extinguishing property when the DEMEP add-on is over 50 % wt of silk fabrics. The LOI of treated samples is at least 28 % when the weight gain is 10 %. After being subjected to 30 hand wash cycles, DEMEP treated silk fabric can still pass the vertical flammability test. Thermal gravimetric (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) were applied to explore the thermal decomposition of silk fabrics treated with DEMEP. The initial decomposition temperature of silk fabric treated with DEMEP was shifted to a lower temperature. And at the end of decomposition at 700 °C, the char residue of silk fabric treated with DEMEP was higher than that of the control sample.
Co-reporter:Guoqiang Chen;Tieling Xing;Jinping Guan;Xiang Zhou
Journal of Applied Polymer Science 2006 Volume 102(Issue 1) pp:424-428
Publication Date(Web):28 JUL 2006
DOI:10.1002/app.24064
A self-prepared novel bifunctional vinyl monomer diethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA-2) was graft copolymerized onto silk fibers initiated by potassium persulfate (KPS). The moisture regain and fiber fineness of grafted silk fibers increased linearly with graft yield. The enhancement of hygroscopicity can improve the comfort of silk fabrics. The grafting conditions caused a partial degradation of the tensile strength of silk fibers, as well as the whiteness. Elongation at break increased and initial modulus decreased, which indicated that the rigidity of silk fibers declined. Stress relaxation behavior shows that grafted silk fibers have better viscoelasticity than control silk fibers. Wrinkle recovery angle tests showed that grafted silk fabrics had better wrinkle resistance property. Laundering durability test showed that with increasing graft yield, the damage to the silk fibers during laundering decreased obviously. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 424–428, 2006
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