The C-nucleoside based on the hydroxyquinoline ligand (Hq) is complementary to itself and forms stable Hq–Hq pairs in double-stranded DNA. These artificial Hq–Hq pairs may serve as artificial electron carriers for long-range photoinduced electron transfer in DNA, as elucidated by a combination of gel electrophoretic analysis of irradiated samples and time-resolved transient absorption spectroscopy. For this study, the Hq–Hq pair was combined with a DNA-based donor–acceptor system consisting of 6-N,N-dimethylaminopyrene conjugated to 2′-deoxyuridine as photoinducible electron donor, and methyl viologen attached to the 2′-position of uridine as electron acceptor. The Hq radical anion was identified in the time-resolved measurements and strand cleavage products support its role as an intermediate charge carrier. Hence, the Hq–Hq pair significantly enhances the electron hopping capability of DNA compared to natural DNA bases over long distances while keeping the self-assembly properties as the most attractive feature of DNA as a supramolecular architecture.

We investigated the electronic properties of the molecular magnetic nanotoruses [Fe^III ₁₀Ln^III ₁₀(Me-tea)₁₀(Me-teaH)₁₀(NO₃)₁₀], examining the dependence on the lanthanide (Ln) of both the intra and intermolecular electronic channels. Using femtosecond absorption spectroscopy we show that the intramolecular electronic channels follow a three-step process, which involves vibrational cooling and crossing to shallow states, followed by recombination. A comparison with the energy gaps showed a relationship between trap efficiency and gaps, indicating that lanthanide ions create trap states to form excitons after photo-excitation. Using high-resistance transport measurements and scaling techniques, we investigated the intermolecular transport, demonstrating the dominant role of surface-limited transport channels and the presence of different types of charge traps. The intermolecular transport properties can be rationalized in terms of a hopping model, and a connection is provided to the far-IR spectroscopic properties. Comparison between intra and intermolecular processes highlights the role of the excited electronic states and the recombination processes, showing the influence of Kramers parity on the overall mobility.

Studying the relaxation pathways of porphyrins and related structures upon light absorption is crucial to understand the fundamental processes of light harvesting in biosystems and many applications. Herein, we show by means of transient absorption studies, following Q- and Soret-band excitation, and ab initio calculations on meso-tetraphenylporphyrinato magnesium(II) (MgTPP) and meso-tetraphenylporphyrinato cadmium(II) (CdTPP) that electronic relaxation following Soret-band excitation of porphyrins with a heavy central atom is mediated by a hitherto disregarded dark state. This accounts for an increased rate of internal conversion. The dark state originates from an orbital localized at the central nitrogen atoms and its energy continuously decreases along the series from magnesium to zinc to cadmium to below 2.75 eV for CdTPP dissolved in tetrahydrofuran. Furthermore, we are able to directly trace fast intersystem crossing in the cadmium derivative, which takes place within (110±20) ps.

A new donor-DNA-acceptor system has been synthesized containing Nile red-modified 2′-deoxyuridine as charge donor and 6-N,N-dimethylaminopyrene-modified 2′-deoxyuridine as acceptor to investigate the charge transfer in DNA duplexes using fluorescence spectroscopy and time-resolved femtosecond pump-probe techniques. Fluorescence quenching experiments revealed that the quenching efficiency of Nile red depends on two components: 1) the presence of a charge acceptor and 2) the number of intervening CG and AT base pairs between donor and acceptor. Surprisingly, the quenching efficiency of two base pairs (73 % for CG and the same for AT) is higher than that for one base pair (68 % for CG and 37 % for AT), while at a separation of three base pairs less than 10 % quenching is observed. A comparison with the results of time-resolved measurements revealed a correlation between quenching efficiency and the first ultrafast time constant suggesting that quenching proceeds via a charge transfer from the donor to the acceptor. All transients are satisfactorily described with two decays: a rapid charge transfer with 600 fs (∼10¹² s⁻¹) that depends strongly and in a non-linear fashion on the distance between donor and acceptor, and a slower time constant of a few picoseconds (∼10¹¹ s⁻¹) with weak distance dependence. A third time constant on a nanosecond time scale represents the fluorescence lifetime of the donor molecule. According to these results and time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) calculations a combination of single-step superexchange and multistep hopping mechanisms can be proposed for this short-range charge transfer. Furthermore, significantly less quenching efficiency and slower charge transfer rates at very short distances indicate that the direct interaction between donor and acceptor leads to a local structural distortion of DNA duplexes which may provide some uncertainty in identifying the charge transfer rates in short-range systems.